Plenty of stories to be found on logon issues with a Active Directory domain account on a Linux system. I also ran into this issue where about 80% of the time the logon would fail. The articles found give several suggestions to check but none of them would work for me. Eventually combing through the log files found some errors indicating it did not understand the GPO (Group Policy Object) data it received.

Thus placing the computer object for the LInux system into an Organization Unit in Active Directory and disabling all GPO inheritance on this OU resolved all logon issues.

It’s an easy check to do in case you would run into similar issues. As this was a new test environment there were no user based GPOs yet at the time of writing this article.